Resources for OCIA

What is OCIA?

Parishes welcome new members into the Catholic Church through a process of education, faith sharing, and rituals known as the Order of Christian Initiation of Adults (OCIA).  This process includes several stages marked by prayer, study, and discussion.  Included in the process are several Rites which take place within the context of the Mass. The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) describes the OCIA as a process in which participants “undergo . . . conversion as they study the Gospel, profess faith in Jesus and the Catholic Church, and receive the sacraments . . . The OCIA process follows the ancient practice of the Church and was restored by the Second Vatican Council as the normal way adults prepare for baptism.

Who is welcome to begin the OCIA Journey?

People who are open to discerning their personal experience of faith and to learning more about the Catholic Church are welcome to begin the OCIA process.  Many people come to an awareness of their desire to learn about membership in the Catholic Church in various and different ways.  Often it may be a personal faith experience, overcoming personal difficulty and tragedy, or a relationship or discussion with a person of faith which leads one to begin this exciting journey.  All that is truly required is a sincere desire to learn, to grow, and to develop one’s relationship with God.  The OCIA process can be applied to the following 3 groups:

• Unbaptized: persons who have reached the age of discretion (anyone age 7 or older) who have never been baptized and who need a process to help them grow in awareness to God’s call to conversion as well as ways to respond to that call.  They are considered catechumens.
• Baptized in Another Christian Church: Those who were baptized into another Christian community and wish to enter into full communion with the Catholic Church.  They are considered candidates for full initiation. For baptized Christians interested in possibly joining the Catholic Church, the process will vary depending upon the depth on one’s religious and spiritual readiness.
• Baptized but Uncatechized Catholic Adults: persons who were baptized as infants and not given any religious instruction in the Catholic faith. These adults will be prepared to celebrate the sacraments of Penance, Confirmation, and Eucharist. They are also considered candidates.

It is important to note that “candidates” do not always need to take part in the full process. If they have been actively living the Christian life in another Christian community then they are likely to need very little catechesis and may be welcomed into the Church on any Sunday after a short period of preparation. According to the National Statutes for the Catechumenate, “Those baptized persons who have lived as Christians and need only instruction in the Catholic tradition and a degree of probation within the Catholic community should not be asked to undergo a full program parallel to the catechumenate.”

In the case of children who have reached the age of reason (age 7), the pastor of the local parish should be consulted for information about Baptism and the other Sacraments of Initiation.

Adult Catholics who were baptized and received their First Eucharist in the Catholic Church and are interested in the Sacrament of Confirmation should contact their local parish office.  These are Catholics who have been instructed in the Catholic faith but who have not received the Sacrament of Confirmation.  A separate program of adult Confirmation is available to these Catholics, who are then prepared to receive the Sacrament of Confirmation.

The Steps of the Journey

The Order of Christian Initiation is based on the principle that the process of conversion proceeds gradually, in stages. Progress from one stage to the next is marked by a liturgical celebration in the midst of the parish community. The experience and needs of those in each category described above differ, and so the length of time may vary for each person. Yet there are certain similarities among all the groups and the process they will experience.  OCIA consists of four periods of formation which are marked by rituals that celebrate what has been completed and that call a person into the next phase.

Period of Evangelization and Precatechumenate

The first stage is called the period of inquiry (or the precatechumenate). This is when the individual first expresses an interest in becoming a Catholic, and begins to explore, with the help of the parish community, what his or her relationship with Christ might be and how that relationship might be fulfilled and deepened by joining the Catholic Church.

There is no liturgical rite to mark the beginning of this stage. There is no time limit or constraints placed on this period.  It is rather a very flexible and open time period, which may take several months or several years.  Some people engage in this first stage as a long process of searching and discernment.  For others, it is a much shorter period of time.

This stage is completed when the inquirer feels ready to move forward and the community is prepared to welcome him or her or decides against continuing in this direction.  There is no commitment necessary, and no expectations during this time.

During this period of time participants, who are called inquirers, are introduced to the person, the life, and the ministry of Jesus Christ.  One is introduced to prayer and learns the importance of developing a prayer life.  People share their personal stories and their life journeys in a supportive environment and are encouraged to ask questions about the Catholic faith.  It is a time for building communion and for listening, learning, sharing, and asking questions.  It is a time of initial conversation and conversion.

For many people interested in becoming Catholic or entering into full communion with the Catholic Church, the process can be somewhat confusing or intimidating.  After all, this is a major decision in one’s life.  The decision to join the Church is exciting and will lead to a deepening of personal faith and relationship to God, others, and self.

First Step: Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens

Once the inquirer decides to continue the journey, he or she seeks acceptance into the Order of Catechumens.  This is a liturgical rite in which the inquirer states publicly in the midst of the parish community that he or she wants to become a baptized member of the Church.  The Church, through the local parish community, affirms this desire by accepting the person and his or her intention to follow God’s call.  Included are the renunciation of false worship, giving of a new name, and the presentation of a cross.  The candidate is now affirmed by the local community and strengthened to continue the journey.

For candidates who have already been baptized and are seeking full communion with the Catholic Church, this step is called the Rite of Welcoming the Candidate.

Period of the Catechumenate

The second stage is called the catechumenate and is an extended period which normally lasts one year or longer. For the baptized but uncatechized (not yet educated in the faith), the period should be a similar length. Candidates for full communion may complete this stage in a shorter time frame.

This is a time of formation and education, and learning is based on Sacred Scripture as well as the Catechism of the Catholic Church.  Catechumens learn about Catholic teachings and values, what it means to be a member of the Catholic community, prayer and worship, and are also introduced to the apostolic life.

This is also a time for the catechumen or candidate to learn how to live as a Catholic Christian through their faith journey and the support of their parish community.  Each person learns what it means to be a Catholic and what changes they may need to make in their lives.  It is a time of deepening one’s faith, initial conversion, and commitment to the Church.

This period is marked by rites such as the dismissal rite, blessings, and anointing of catechumens.  This period ends when the catechumens and candidates express their desire to receive the sacraments of initiation and the parish community acknowledges their readiness. The catechumen, with the support of the parish team working with him or her, then becomes an “elect,” which is marked by the Rite of Election during the next stage.

Second Step: Rite of Election

The Rite of Election or Enrollment of Names coincides with the beginning of Lent and is celebrated by the bishop at the cathedral church of the diocese. At this rite the catechumens publicly request baptism and declare their desire to make a faith commitment to Jesus in the Catholic Church.  Parishes normally celebrate the Rite of Sending prior to the Rite of Election.  Godparents and catechists testify to the readiness of the catechumens for the sacraments of initiation.

Period of Purification and Enlightenment

The third stage is the period of purification and enlightenment.  It coincides with the liturgical season of Lent. It is a time of reflection, prayer, and spiritual direction rather than a time of catechetical instruction. This period is intended to enlighten the minds and hearts of the elect with a deeper personal knowledge of Christ.

During this time, the elect (formerly the catechumens) and the candidates enter into a period of intense spiritual preparation and prayer which includes the three public celebrations of the scrutinies (for catechumens) and is marked by the presentations of the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer. The Rite of Election (for catechumens) and the Call to Continuing Conversion (for candidates) are celebrated at the beginning of this stage.

This period ends with the celebration of Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist at the Easter Vigil. (Note: only the elect are baptized. All receive the sacrament of Confirmation and are welcomed at the Eucharistic table.  Once a person has received the sacraments of initiation he or she becomes a “neophyte,” which means “beginner” or “novice.”)

Third Step: Celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation

Normally at the Easter Vigil, the catechumen receives the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Eucharist. Now the person is a fully initiated member of the Catholic Church and will continue to live out his or her response to God as a member of this faith community.

The celebration of the Sacrament of Initiation at the Easter Vigil marks the highlight of each person’s spiritual journey, as one celebrates with family and church community full entrance into the Catholic Church.  The Liturgy begins with the Service of Light which includes the blessing of the new fire and the Paschal candle which symbolizes Jesus, the light of the World. The second part consists of the Liturgy of the Word with a number of Scripture readings. After the Liturgy of the Word, the candidates are presented to the members of the community, who pray for them and join in the Litany of the Saints. After the Litany and prayer for the elect, the presiding priest blesses the water placing the Easter or Paschal candle into the baptismal water. Those seeking baptism then renounce sin and profess their faith after which they are immersed into the baptismal water three times with the words, “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” In some situations the water may be poured over the head of each candidate.

After the baptism the newly baptized are dressed in white garments and are presented with a candle lighted from the Paschal Candle. The newly baptized are then confirmed by the priest or bishop who imposes his hands on their heads, and invokes the gift of the Holy Spirit. He then anoints them with the oil called Sacred Chrism.

The Mass continues in the usual fashion. At this point the newly baptized can participate in the general intercessions, in bringing their gifts to the altar, as well as sharing in the offering of Christ’s sacrifice. At the Communion of the Mass, each of the newly baptized receives the Eucharist, Christ’s body and blood, for the first time.

Period of Mystagogy

The fourth stage is the period of post-baptismal catechesis or mystagogy. At this time, the newly initiated explore their experience of being fully initiated through participation with all the faithful at Sunday Eucharist and through appropriate catechesis. Emphasis is placed on the study of the Gospel, the reception of the Eucharist, and actively living a life of charity, service, and love.

The period formally lasts through the Easter season and may be marked by a parish celebration on or near Pentecost. During this time the deeper meaning of the sacraments, the Christian life and prayer is examined. It is a time of growth during which one’s understanding of the faith matures so that he or she can participate more fully in the Mass and in the life of the Church.

On a different level, mystagogy is a lifelong process, one that all Christians are engaged in, as we all work to deepen our sense of what it means to live the Christian life.

Companions for the Journey

Jesus recognized the importance of community and teamwork in spreading the Gospel, as displayed by the fact that he called a group of apostles and often sent his apostles out two by two.  The Church recognizes the importance of support as one progresses through the OCIA process.

First of all, candidates journey not alone but together with other adults who are learning about the Catholic Church and also with a team of dedicated people from the parish community who meets with the group regularly to offer assistance and support.

Secondly, the Church also gives the inquiring person a sponsor who will share the journey and accompany you at OCIA sessions and other special events.   This sponsor, who normally comes from the parish community, is called a godparent for those who have not yet been baptized and a mentor for those who have already been baptized.  They are truly companions for the journey of faith and walk with each candidate through each step of the process.  The sponsor also connects the candidate to the local parish community.

Finally, since the OCIA process takes place within a parish community, the prayers from this community are essential for the journey.  Moreover, the prayers of the universal Church are with each candidate, providing spiritual support for the journey and connection to the Church community.

An Overview of the OCIA Process

The Order of Christian Initiation is based on the principle that the process of conversion proceeds gradually, in stages. Progress from one stage to the next is marked by a liturgical celebration in the midst of the parish community. The experience and needs of those in each category described above differ, and so the length of time may vary for each person. Yet there are certain similarities among all the groups and the process they will experience.  OCIA consists of four periods of formation which are marked by rituals that celebrate what has been completed and that call a person into the next phase.

Period of Evangelization and Precatechumenate

The first stage is called the period of inquiry (or the precatechumenate). This is when the individual first expresses an interest in becoming a Catholic, and begins to explore, with the help of the parish community, what his or her relationship with Christ might be and how that relationship might be fulfilled and deepened by joining the Catholic Church.

There is no liturgical rite to mark the beginning of this stage. There is no time limit or constraints placed on this period.  It is rather a very flexible and open time period, which may take several months or several years.  Some people engage in this first stage as a long process of searching and discernment.  For others, it is a much shorter period of time.

This stage is completed when the inquirer feels ready to move forward and the community is prepared to welcome him or her or decides against continuing in this direction.  There is no commitment necessary, and no expectations during this time.

During this period of time participants, who are called inquirers, are introduced to the person, the life, and the ministry of Jesus Christ.  One is introduced to prayer and learns the importance of developing a prayer life.  People share their personal stories and their life journeys in a supportive environment and are encouraged to ask questions about the Catholic faith.  It is a time for building communion and for listening, learning, sharing, and asking questions.  It is a time of initial conversation and conversion.

For many people interested in becoming Catholic or entering into full communion with the Catholic Church, the process can be somewhat confusing or intimidating.  After all, this is a major decision in one’s life.  The decision to join the Church is exciting and will lead to a deepening of personal faith and relationship to God, others, and self.

First Step: Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens

Once the inquirer decides to continue the journey, he or she seeks acceptance into the Order of Catechumens.  This is a liturgical rite in which the inquirer states publicly in the midst of the parish community that he or she wants to become a baptized member of the Church.  The Church, through the local parish community, affirms this desire by accepting the person and his or her intention to follow God’s call.  Included are the renunciation of false worship, giving of a new name, and the presentation of a cross.  The candidate is now affirmed by the local community and strengthened to continue the journey.

For candidates who have already been baptized and are seeking full communion with the Catholic Church, this step is called the Rite of Welcoming the Candidate.

Period of the Catechumenate

The second stage is called the catechumenate and is an extended period which normally lasts one year or longer. For the baptized but uncatechized (not yet educated in the faith), the period should be a similar length. Candidates for full communion may complete this stage in a shorter time frame.

This is a time of formation and education, and learning is based on Sacred Scripture as well as the Catechism of the Catholic Church.  Catechumens learn about Catholic teachings and values, what it means to be a member of the Catholic community, prayer and worship, and are also introduced to the apostolic life.

This is also a time for the catechumen or candidate to learn how to live as a Catholic Christian through their faith journey and the support of their parish community.  Each person learns what it means to be a Catholic and what changes they may need to make in their lives.  It is a time of deepening one’s faith, initial conversion, and commitment to the Church.

This period is marked by rites such as the dismissal rite, blessings, and anointing of catechumens.  This period ends when the catechumens and candidates express their desire to receive the sacraments of initiation and the parish community acknowledges their readiness. The catechumen, with the support of the parish team working with him or her, then becomes an “elect,” which is marked by the Rite of Election during the next stage.

Second Step: Rite of Election

The Rite of Election or Enrollment of Names coincides with the beginning of Lent and is celebrated by the bishop at the cathedral church of the diocese. At this rite the catechumens publicly request baptism and declare their desire to make a faith commitment to Jesus in the Catholic Church.  Parishes normally celebrate the Rite of Sending prior to the Rite of Election.  Godparents and catechists testify to the readiness of the catechumens for the sacraments of initiation.

Period of Purification and Enlightenment

The third stage is the period of purification and enlightenment.  It coincides with the liturgical season of Lent. It is a time of reflection, prayer, and spiritual direction rather than a time of catechetical instruction. This period is intended to enlighten the minds and hearts of the elect with a deeper personal knowledge of Christ.

During this time, the elect (formerly the catechumens) and the candidates enter into a period of intense spiritual preparation and prayer which includes the three public celebrations of the scrutinies (for catechumens) and is marked by the presentations of the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer. The Rite of Election (for catechumens) and the Call to Continuing Conversion (for candidates) are celebrated at the beginning of this stage.

This period ends with the celebration of Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist at the Easter Vigil. (Note: only the elect are baptized. All receive the sacrament of Confirmation and are welcomed at the Eucharistic table.  Once a person has received the sacraments of initiation he or she becomes a “neophyte,” which means “beginner” or “novice.”)

Third Step: Celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation

Normally at the Easter Vigil, the catechumen receives the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Eucharist. Now the person is a fully initiated member of the Catholic Church and will continue to live out his or her response to God as a member of this faith community.

The celebration of the Sacrament of Initiation at the Easter Vigil marks the highlight of each person’s spiritual journey, as one celebrates with family and church community full entrance into the Catholic Church.  The Liturgy begins with the Service of Light which includes the blessing of the new fire and the Paschal candle which symbolizes Jesus, the light of the World. The second part consists of the Liturgy of the Word with a number of Scripture readings. After the Liturgy of the Word, the candidates are presented to the members of the community, who pray for them and join in the Litany of the Saints. After the Litany and prayer for the elect, the presiding priest blesses the water placing the Easter or Paschal candle into the baptismal water. Those seeking baptism then renounce sin and profess their faith after which they are immersed into the baptismal water three times with the words, “I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” In some situations the water may be poured over the head of each candidate.

After the baptism the newly baptized are dressed in white garments and are presented with a candle lighted from the Paschal Candle. The newly baptized are then confirmed by the priest or bishop who imposes his hands on their heads, and invokes the gift of the Holy Spirit. He then anoints them with the oil called Sacred Chrism.

The Mass continues in the usual fashion. At this point the newly baptized can participate in the general intercessions, in bringing their gifts to the altar, as well as sharing in the offering of Christ’s sacrifice. At the Communion of the Mass, each of the newly baptized receives the Eucharist, Christ’s body and blood, for the first time.

Period of Mystagogy

The fourth stage is the period of post-baptismal catechesis or mystagogy. At this time, the newly initiated explore their experience of being fully initiated through participation with all the faithful at Sunday Eucharist and through appropriate catechesis. Emphasis is placed on the study of the Gospel, the reception of the Eucharist, and actively living a life of charity, service, and love.

The period formally lasts through the Easter season and may be marked by a parish celebration on or near Pentecost. During this time the deeper meaning of the sacraments, the Christian life and prayer is examined. It is a time of growth during which one’s understanding of the faith matures so that he or she can participate more fully in the Mass and in the life of the Church.

On a different level, mystagogy is a lifelong process, one that all Christians are engaged in, as we all work to deepen our sense of what it means to live the Christian life.

Companions for the Journey

Jesus recognized the importance of community and teamwork in spreading the Gospel, as displayed by the fact that he called a group of apostles and often sent his apostles out two by two.  The Church recognizes the importance of support as one progresses through the OCIA process.

First of all, candidates journey not alone but together with other adults who are learning about the Catholic Church and also with a team of dedicated people from the parish community who meets with the group regularly to offer assistance and support.

Secondly, the Church also gives the inquiring person a sponsor who will share the journey and accompany you at OCIA sessions and other special events.   This sponsor, who normally comes from the parish community, is called a godparent for those who have not yet been baptized and a mentor for those who have already been baptized.  They are truly companions for the journey of faith and walk with each candidate through each step of the process.  The sponsor also connects the candidate to the local parish community.

Finally, since the OCIA process takes place within a parish community, the prayers from this community are essential for the journey.  Moreover, the prayers of the universal Church are with each candidate, providing spiritual support for the journey and connection to the Church community.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are there steps for preparing to enter into the Church?

Yes there are. This journey begins with the person being an inquirer.  The person may seek to get more information on who Jesus is and what is the Church’s role in his or her life.  This leads to the moment when the person desires to make a more formal commitment to Christ and that is the step of the catechumenate which is the point of initial conversion.  The catechumenate prepares the person to seek initiation into the Church.  When the person, with the support of those involved in formation, desires to be initiated he or she enters a period of intense preparation and is called one of the elect.  The final step is realized at the Easter Vigil when the person is initiated into Christ and His Church becoming a full member of the Church.

What is the time frame from someone entering the catechumenate to when they are baptized?

There is no time frame rather the person who desires to enter into the Church is on a spiritual journey.   “The initiation of catechumens is a gradual process that takes place within the community of the faithful.” (RCIA # 4)  How long that journey takes really is dependent on different factors. The model of this process should not be a school year: they begin in September and “graduate” at the Easter Vigil.  This is not about adult education.  This process is about committing one’s life to Christ.  It is about conversion to Christ and a life that becomes centered in Christ.  Therefore, it is important to recognize that each journey is unique and each person must be treated as an individual.  That could mean that one person is ready to commit to Christ in a year while another needs two, three or more years to be fully open to that commitment.

When do you know that someone is ready to make a commitment to Christ?

This question has no simple answer.  It is important to take into account many different factors.  The most important element is getting to know the person who seeks to make this commitment.  This determination is unique to the individual and the circumstances of his or her life. Thus, those who are involved with the process need to be part of this decision to help guide the person.  It is necessary to reflect on how well the person has already integrated their life into the life of grace that they will be called to live out by their baptism.  How do they understand who Christ is? What meaning does God hold for them? Have they actualized in their lives their relationship to the Church?  In other words they are “expected to have undergone a conversion in mind and in action and to have developed a sufficient acquaintance with Christian teaching as well as a spirit of faith and charity.  With deliberate will and an enlightened faith they must have the intention to receive the sacraments of the Church, a resolve they will express publicly in the actual celebration of the rite.”  [RCIA #120] It is not, therefore, simply about adult education and being able to answer theological questions but rather it is about conversion of heart and mind to Christ in which catechesis plays a role.  It is about formation of the whole person into a true relationship with Christ.

What is the process that should be used to lead someone on a journey of faith?

The rite itself is structured to support this journey in faith and its appropriate application will help to facilitate a person’s growth in faith.  The process includes time for people to inquire into the faith and to mature in their understanding of that faith as lived reality in their lives.  There are moments in the journey that are of a more intense nature and mark a change in the journey.  There are various periods within the process the first period is as inquirer or the pre-catechumenate when the person is evangelized and helped to understand who Christ is and what Christian life entails. The second period begins with a person entrance into the order of catechumens.  This period may last an indeterminate amount of time.  As part of this period there are various rites that can be celebrated to aid the catechumen’s spiritual journey.  Theses rites include exorcisms, praying over the individual, dismissals with prayer contained in the prayer of the faithful for the person and so forth. Catechesis would also be an important during this time to help the person grow in understanding of the faith.  The catechesis is intended though not to be simply an intellectual exercise, but, rather, to aid the person’s conversion to Christ.  The third and shortest but most intense period begins with the rite of election celebrated on the first Sunday of Lent.  This is a time of purification and enlightenment.  The person is accepted by the bishop as a member of the elect and during this time there is even more intense preparation for the person’s initiation into Christ and His Church.  There are various rites that are celebrated such as the scrutinies, presentation and recitation of the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer, and Ephphetha Rite.  This period is intended to strengthen the person as he or she moves quickly towards the celebration of the initiation sacraments.  The final period extends throughout the Easter season and is a time of mystagogy.  Here the catechesis continues as the person experiences the celebrations of Christian faith as a Christian.

Who is involved in the process of the Order of Christian Initiation?

The short answer is the whole Church.  Remember the person is entering into a community of faith.  They are to be made part of the Body of Christ.  Therefore, this is not a process that is intended for simply the priest or a small team working with the person.  The real vision is that the whole parish as representing the Church is there to journey in faith with those seeking to know Christ.  “By joining the catechumen in reflecting on the value of the paschal mystery and by renewing their own conversion, the faithful provide an example that will help the catechumens to obey the Holy Spirit more generously.” (RCIA # 4)  Furthermore, “In various circumstances of daily life, even as an apostolate, all followers of Christ have an obligation of spreading the faith according to their abilities.  Hence, the entire community must help the candidates throughout the process of initiation.” (RCIA #9) Thus, it is essential, for the process to be truly effective, that the whole parish play some role in the formation of those who seek to come to know Christ through His Church.  Some people will have a greater role than others but those roles should never preclude the whole of the parish at some level being actively involved through prayer and other ways of supporting those who seek to be Catholic.

How are people called to be involved in this process?

There are various ministries, offices and roles that exist for helping those who are on the journey of conversion to Christ.

Priest, OCIA Director, and OCIA Team must work together first to help the community to recognize its role in the formation of new Christians.  Thus, there is preparation work that must be done before the process begins.  It might even be necessary to create more than one team that will work with particular people as they begin and make the journey of faith.  Each individual must understand their personal role in this process and how they are called to fulfill it.  Also important is the creation of a plan for how people will make the journey.  It is too easy to fall into the education only model, which is not desired by the Church.  Rather it is necessary to create a process that truly addresses the whole person and their relationship with God, Christ and the Church.  Remember this is about a process of conversion of the whole person and not simply about learning about the faith.

During the pre-catechumenate:

• The faithful are to witness to their faith in Christ and welcome those seeking to know the faith into their homes, personal conversation and community gatherings
• Priest provides pastoral care and support to both inquirers and the Director and team.
• OCIA Director works with the priest and the team to help the inquirer(s) to learn more about the Christian faith and help to develop a Christian relationship with God through Christ.
• OCIA Team helps to provide personal connection with parish acting in the name of the community; works closely with the Director.
• Sponsors are called to support the inquirer and to walk with them. They are people “who have known and assisted [the inquirer] and stand as witnesses to the [persons’] moral character, faith, and intention.” (RCIA #10)

During the catechumenate:

• The faithful are to be in attendance and actively participating when possible at the celebrations for the catechumens.
• Priest continues the personal care and assistance; approves the choice of godparent; celebrates the rites that can occur during this period such as exorcisms or blessings adapting them as needed and allowed; provides instruction with others; works closely with those who are given the explicit ministry of working with the catechumens.
• OCIA Director works with the priest and the team to help the inquirer(s) to learn more about the Christian faith and helps to develop a Christian relationship with God through Christ.
• OCIA Team to provide personal connection with the parish acting in the name of the community; works closely with the Director. May help with catechesis and acting as witnesses to the faith through their own experience of faith to the catechumen.  They should also come to know the catechumen on a personal level.
• Sponsors or Godparents journey with the catechumen and giving them the spiritual support during this time.  The Godparents do not need to be the original sponsors and are “chosen by the [catechumen] on the basis of example, good qualities and friendship, delegated by the local community.” (RCIA # 11) They witness to the Gospel by a lived faith in all aspects of their life. By this witness they lend support to the catechumen when they may falter in their own growth in the faith of Christ.

During Lent/Time of the Elect/Initiation

• The faithful participate in the scrutinies and presentations; witness to the elect a spirit of penance, faith and charity.
• Priest continues the personal care and assistance; celebrates the scrutinies and presentations and other rites; acts as minister in the celebration of sacraments of initiation
• OCIA Director and OCIA Team works with the priest to ensure that the rites take place.  They with the priest, and Godparents, help to discern if the person is ready to take the final step.  Is the person’s life is so formed that they are ready to take on the duties and responsibilities that come from initiation.
• Sponsors or Godparents accompany candidate on day of election, and at the celebration of the sacraments of initiation.  Chosen before the rite of election such that at the rite of election they publicly accept the office and work even more closely with the elect after this point. They participate in their proper roles at the celebration of the sacraments of initiation

Time of Mystagogy

• The faithful continue their support for the newly initiated by celebrating Mass with them, and making them feel welcome and truly part of the community.
• Priest through his mystagogical preaching gives to the baptized a presentation of the mysteries of faith as seen through the liturgical celebrations.
• OCIA Director and OCIA Team continue their support of the newly initiated.
• Sponsors or Godparents continue to accompany during this time.

How do we work with those who are already baptized?

It is important first to determine the state of the person’s relationship with Christ.  If the person has only been baptized but has never been catechized then there should be an adequate time for the process of formation to take place.  Like the catechumenate this time of formation should not be rushed.  How long this time of preparation lasts is dependent upon the individual and their own formation in relationship to God and his Church.  It is not simply about gaining intellectual knowledge but formation of the entire person.  There must be time for intellectual catechesis but also spiritual, and moral development such that the person makes the Gospel a lived reality in his or her life.  As part of this process, like the catechumen, the candidate for full communion must be helped to develop a prayer life if one does not yet exist.  Also, they must acquire a sense that a Christian life is a journey of conversion to the Lord.  Those working with the candidate must understand that the candidates are not converting to the faith, since they are already members of the Body of Christ; rather, they are coming into full communion.  In other words, they are completing their initiation.  Therefore, the candidates must not be treated as catechumens.  But, depending on their level of formation and conversion to Christ, there may be parts of the catechumenate that can be adapted to their needs.  If a person has been living out a life in Christ than no greater burden than is necessary should be placed in their process of entering the Church.  The time of formation for them should focus more on developing their understanding of the Church, their place in the Church and an adherence to the Church.  But even with these people the formation is still about the whole person and not simply adult education; spiritual development must play a role in their entrance into full communion.

OCIA Glossary of Terms

Inquirers

Inquirers are those who have not been baptized and desire to know more about Christ and the Church

• They have been led by the grace of the Holy Spirit
• We respond by welcoming them with a listening ear, open heart, friendly welcome and providing time for them to share their own stories.
• The period of inquiry can serve as a time for people to discover or rediscover faith in Christ and to seek and question.
• The period of inquiry should be focused on pre-evangelization, trust-building, and initial evangelization rather than doctrinal teaching.  It is a time for listening and discovery.
• Inquirers may or may not have some knowledge of Christ.
• It is appropriate to answer particular questions on doctrine but it is not the primary focus.
• Ideally, opportunities for inquirers should exist year-round.
• Inquirers can become familiar with patterns of common prayer.
• In order to move to the catechumenate, inquirers must express their initial conversion
  • Have they met the living Christ in the Gospel and community?
  • Have they been moved to turn their lives toward Christ and become part of the Community?

Catechumens

Catechumens are those who have taken an initial step of conversion and desires to grow in and fully develop a life of faith in Jesus Christ in the context of the community of faith.

• Catechumens are no longer inquirers but are not yet Christians.
• Catechumens should have accepted faith in Jesus Christ.
• As part of the household of Christ, catechumens have certain rights, in particular after participating in the Rite of Acceptance into the Catechumenate.
• The journey of conversion continues in the catechumenate.
• Catechumens are likely to experience a gradual change in outlook and conduct centered in Christ during this period.
• Catechumens should take an active role in the Church’s mission.
• Catechumens must be properly initiated into the mystery of salvation and practice of gospel living; led gradually into the ways of faith, liturgy and charity of the people of God; and supported by liturgical rites and the community as a whole on their journeys.

The Elect

The Elect are those who have been chosen by the Bishop to go forward to celebrate the sacraments of initiation.

• The elect participate in a time of intense spiritual preparation during Lent before receiving the sacraments of initiation called the period of purification and enlightenment.
• The celebration of pertinent liturgical rites in a full way is important to them at this step in their journeys of faith and include an element of purification as preparation for initiation.
• The elect open themselves to Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit and receive strength from Christ and faithful

Neophytes

Neophytes are those who have recently been baptized.

• They have received the sacraments of initiation (Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist), typically at the Easter Vigil.
• They are now immersed in a life centered in the Paschal Mystery in a period called mystagogy.
• As they begin this new life in Christ they must still be supported by the whole community – particularly in the early stages.

Candidates for Full Communion

Candidates for full Communion – have been baptized and seek full communion with the Catholic Church; such people are not to be considered converts.  Rather, these people are fulfilling a life of conversion centered in Christ that all the baptized must live and must be supported and helped to grow in that life.  It is important to pastorally consider their life story in order to appreciate how best to approach the level of formation they may require as they are fully initiated into the life of the Church.

Orthodox

Orthodox – anyone who has been initiated in an Orthodox church is fully initiated and is required only to give a profession of faith.  They are initiated into the equivalent Eastern rite Catholic Church; they are not Latin rite Catholics.

Un-Catechized

The un-Catechized are non-Catholics or Catholics who have not received catechetical instruction after Baptism. They have no formation in a life with Christ and need to develop it.  There are similarities to the catechumens but they should not be treated as catechumens; it is important that they are given the appropriate time to develop and be formed in the Christian faith.  They must be formed spiritually, morally and intellectually.

Conversion

Conversion – (metanoia from Greek) is a radical turning around of the whole person towards Christ; a radical reorientation of one’s desires thought processes and actions centered in the Paschal Mystery.  Conversion is never accomplished in a single moment but rather is a process of transformation; it is a striving for holiness that is centered in God and supported by the community.  Conversion must bring about change in all levels of our person and way of thinking: spiritually, morally, intellectually.  Any such change is always at the initiation of God.

Conversion involves “both the personal and collective consciences of people, the activities in which they engage, and the lives and the concrete milieux which are theirs.” Evangelii Nuntiandi 18

• Necessary because sinful humanity is alienated from God
• Primarily it is God’s initiative
• Requires a response on the part of humanity
• It is a sense a spiritual maturation process
• Conversion is Cognitive, Relational, Affective, Commitment
• Conversion changes the answers we give to the events and the world around us
• Ongoing process it never really ends
• It is individual in nature and cannot be rushed

(Conversion excerpted from James J Walter “Conversion” The New Dictionary of Theology,   233-235)

Catechesis

Catechesis is about formation of the entire person spiritually, morally, and intellectually and therefore it is not simply about intellectual education or curiosity (catechesis ≠ adult education); formation of the person regarding one’s relationship to God, Church, society, neighbor, and self; and how one is responsible to live out the Gospel imperatives and directives at all levels of our being. It is an holistic approach to Christian living.

“[is] not only [about] an appropriate acquaintance with dogmas and precepts but also [the person] is brought to a profound sense of the mystery of salvation in which they desire to participate.” (RCIA, no 75.1)

• About personal communication of faith
• It is as much about experiencing faith as learning how to intellectually express that faith
• The Church’s teachings are about someone (Jesus) not something
• The truth expressed in dogma is the Church’s expression of the Church’s experience of the risen Christ; this truth cannot change because Christ does not change
• The content then of catechesis is founded upon this dogma and is tied into helping the person learn the truth of who
• Christ is and what that means to the life the person is called to live

Evangelization

Evangelization is aimed at bringing others into a true relationship with Christ and his Church.  It is the duty of all the baptized and entails the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ in word and action. It also calls us to personally invite others to know God through Christ in the context of the community formed by the Holy Spirit.

“Evangelizing is in fact the grace and vocation proper to the Church, her deepest identity. She exists in order to evangelize.” Evangelii Nuntiandi 18

• The mission of the Church is the continuation of the mission of Christ
• Aims at drawing others into the life and mission of the Church
• Bring the message of Christ to modern culture
• It is primarily about proclamation of Jesus Christ
• Incorporating others into the body of Christ by their encountering Christ through us
• It is about leading others to a conversion of Christ through our own conversion in Christ
• Essential part of every parish’s life

Available Curricula for the Christian Initiation of Children

• Bridges to Faith (ages 8-11) from Loyola Press (English, Spanish)
• Called to be Catholic (ages 12-15) from Loyola Press (English, Spanish)
• Faith Fusion from (Elementary and Junior High editions) Our Sunday Visitor (English and Spanish)
• Our Catholic Faith (grades 4-6) from Sadlier (English, Spanish)
• One Faith, One Lord (grades 7 and up) from Sadlier (English, Spanish)

On Participants in OCIA and Confirmation

For the proper response to the different sacramental and catechetical backgrounds of those who seek full communion with the Catholic Church, these notes are intended to supply direction by addressing two specific issues:  (1) which categories of people must or may be in OCIA and (2) which categories of people are able to receive the sacrament of Confirmation from a priest.

Notes

1. Pastorally, it is extremely important to determine the marital status of anyone seeking either baptism or full communion into the Church.  Every year, around the time of the Vigil, pastoral issues arise that become painful moments because the marital status of individuals or their spouses was not attended to at an earlier time.  The most appropriate moment to begin the process of addressing any particular marital issues in the person’s life, for example, if the person or spouse has been divorced and remarried, is when he or she made the determination to enter into the Church.  These marital issues can prevent someone, unless they are properly handled, from achieving his or her desire of becoming a member of the Church.  Therefore, the Archdiocesan Tribunal must be consulted before anyone involved in what is or appears to be a canonically irregular marriage is enrolled in RCIA or any sacramental preparation program.
2. The Office of Canonical Affairs may be consulted before anyone belonging to a separated Eastern Christian Church is enrolled in RCIA or any other program leading to full communion with the Catholic Church.  As a reminder, it is important to note that the sacraments of anyone belonging to an Eastern Rite Non-Catholic Church are valid.  Therefore, none of the initiation rites are to be duplicated.
3. The Office of Canonical Affairs must be consulted before a baptized Catholic who has been brought up in or formally adhered to another religion, church, or ecclesial community, or who has repudiated the Christian faith and seeks readmission to full communion is enrolled in RCIA or any other program leading to full communion with the Catholic Church.

Candidates for Confirmation

1. Roman Catholics who were baptized and have received First Communion should be assisted in accord with their catechetical and sacramental needs.
2. In the Archdiocese of Boston, permission must be sought and may or may not be granted for a priest to confer the sacrament of Confirmation on people in this category.
3. In lieu of participation in an RCIA program, it is recommended that such persons be enrolled in an “adult confirmation” program and presented for Confirmation either at a regularly scheduled parish Confirmation or at an Adult Regional Confirmation scheduled by a Regional Episcopal Vicar.

Participants in OCIA and Confirmation

1. OCIA is for people age seven or older who have never been baptized.  In the OCIA, these persons are classified as catechumens.
   1. Please see the Christian Initiation of Children tab for more information on this requirement and how to adapt OCIA for children of catechetical age.
2. Catechumens who complete the OCIA will ordinarily receive all three sacraments of initiation – Baptism, Eucharist, and Confirmation – from a parish at the Easter Vigil Mass.
3. Adults who have been baptized in separated churches or ecclesial communities and seek full communion with the Catholic Church may take part in some aspects of OCIA. In the OCIA, these people will be candidates for full communion with the Catholic Church. They do not always need the same catechesis as catechumens and are not to take part in some aspects of the OCIA, e.g. the Lenten Scrutinies.
4. Since the Archdiocese urges that when Catechumens and Candidates have been in the OCIA preparation together only the Catechumens are received at the Easter Vigil Mass, it is fitting that Candidates for full communion make their profession of faith and be confirmed by the priest and receive Eucharist at an Easter Sunday Mass or at a Sunday Mass during the Easter Season.
   1. Penance should be received prior to their reception into the Church.
   2. However if it is deemed pastorally necessary that both Catechumens and Candidates be received at the Easter Vigil, the “combined rites” should be used. (RCIA 562-594)
5. Roman Catholics who were baptized but never catechized may take part in some aspects of OCIA.  They do not always need the same catechesis as catechumens or candidates for full communion with the Church and are not to take part in some aspects of the OCIA. As an alternative to OCIA these persons may be enrolled in a program leading to First Communion and Confirmation.
6. Pastors and Administrators of the Archdiocese of Boston have received the faculty to confirm in their parishes uncatechized Catholics who have participated in appropriate aspects of the OCIA as outlined in paragraphs 400-410 of the Rite and paragraphs 25-29 of the “National Statutes for the Catechumenate”.
   1. The use of this faculty is restricted to the Easter Vigil and to parish Masses in the Easter Season.
   2. A pastor or an administrator may subdelegate this faculty to confirm in his parish to another priest.

Christian Initiation of Children

• “The prescripts of the canons on adult baptism are to be applied to all those who, no longer infants, have attained the use of reason.” – Canon 852, §1.
• “Unless there is a grave reason to the contrary, an adult who is baptized is to be confirmed immediately after baptism and is to participate in the eucharistic celebration also by receiving communion” – Canon 866
• With reference to Baptism, an adult is considered to be anyone seven or older with the use of reason
• Those who are 7 or older and have the use of reason are baptized according to the RCIA
• “Since children who have reached the use of reason are considered, for purposes of Christian initiation, to be adults, their formation should follow the general pattern of the ordinary catechumenate as far as possible, with the appropriate adaptations permitted by the ritual. They should receive the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, and eucharist at the Easter Vigil, together with the older catechumens.” – National Statutes for the Catechumenate, no. 18.
• “The Christian initiation of children [who have reached catechetical age – the age of reason, about age 7] requires both a conversion that is personal and somewhat developed, in proportion to their age, and the assistance of the education they need. The process of initiation thus must be adapted both to their spiritual progress, that is to the children’s growth in faith, and to the catechetical instruction they receive. Accordingly, as with adults, their initiation is to be extended over several years, if need be, before they receive the sacraments.” – RCIA #253
• “It is to be hoped that the children will also receive as much help and example as possible from their parents, whose permission is required for their children to be initiated and to live the Christian life. The period of initiation will also provide a good opportunity for the family to have contact with priests and catechists.” – RCIA #254

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